Нужен хороший перевод, желательно СРОЧНО !!! FOUR GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS The first vacuum tubes computers are referred to as first generation computers, and the approximate period of their use was from 1950 to 1959. UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) is an example of these computers which could perform thousands of calculations per second. Those devices were not only bulky, they were also unreliable. The thousands of vacuum tubes emitted large amounts of heat and burned out frequently. The transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor to the vacuum tube, was invented in 1948. So-called second generation computers, which used large numbers of transistors were able to reduce computational time from milliseconds to microseconds, or millionths of seconds. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more reliable than first-generation computers. Advances in electronics technology continued, and microelectronics made it possible to reduce the size of transistors and integrate large numbers of circuit elements into very small chips of silicon. The computers that were designed to use integrated circuit technology were called third generation computers, and the approximate time span of these machines was from 1960 to 1979. They could perform many data processing operations in nanoseconds, which are billionths of seconds. Fourth generation computers have now arrived, and the inte¬grated circuits that are being developed have been greatly reduced in size. This is due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before; as many as 100 tiny circuits are placed now on a single chip. A chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, upon which several layers of an integrated circuit are etched or imprinted, after which the circuit is encapsulated in plastic or metal.

Вопрос школьника по предмету Английский язык

Нужен хороший перевод, желательно СРОЧНО !!!
FOUR GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
The first vacuum tubes computers are referred to as first generation computers, and the approximate period of their use was from 1950 to 1959. UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic Computer) is an example of these computers which could perform thousands of calculations per second. Those devices were not only bulky, they were also unreliable. The thousands of vacuum tubes emitted large amounts of heat and burned out frequently.
The transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor to the vacuum tube, was invented in 1948. So-called second generation computers, which used large numbers of transistors were able to reduce computational time from milliseconds to microseconds, or millionths of seconds. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more reliable than first-generation computers.
Advances in electronics technology continued, and microelectronics made it possible to reduce the size of transistors and integrate large numbers of circuit elements into very small chips of silicon. The computers that were designed to use integrated circuit technology were called third generation computers, and the approximate time span of these machines was from 1960 to 1979. They could perform many data processing operations in nanoseconds, which are billionths of seconds.
Fourth generation computers have now arrived, and the inte¬grated circuits that are being developed have been greatly reduced in size. This is due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before; as many as 100 tiny circuits are placed now on a single chip. A chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, upon which several layers of an integrated circuit are etched or imprinted, after which the circuit is encapsulated in plastic or metal.

Ответ учителя по предмету Английский язык

Четыре поколения компьютеров.

Первые ламповые компьютеры называются компьютерами первого поколения, примерный период пользования ими — с 1950 до 1959 года. УНИВАК I (УНИВерсальный Автоматический Компьютер) является примером этих компьютеров, способных производить тысячи вычислений в секунду. Такие устройства были не только громоздкими, но и ненадежными. Тысячи вакуумных ламп излучали огромное количество тепла и часто перегорали.

Транзистор, меньший по размеру, изобретенный в 1948 году, являлся еще более ненадежным преемником вакуумной трубки . В компьютерах так называемого второго поколения использовалось огромное количество транзисторов, что позволило сократить вычислительное время от миллисекунд до микросекунд, или миллионных долей секунды. Компьютеры второго поколения были меньше, быстрее и надежнее, чем их предшественники.

Достижения в электронной технологии продолжились, и микроэлектроника сделала возможным уменьшение размера транзисторов и объединение большого количества элементов схемы в очень маленькие кремниевые пластины. Компьютеры, изобретенные с целью использовать технологии интегральных схем, назывались компьютерами третьего поколения, которыми пользовались примерно с 1960 до 1979 года. Они могли проводить множество операций по обработке данных за наносекунды, а это миллиардные доли секунд.

Сейчас прибыли компьютеры четвертого поколения, и разрабатываемые интегральные схемы значительно уменьшились в размерах благодаря микроминиатюризации. Это означает, что сейчас схемы намного меньше, чем раньше; сейчас на одном чипе расположено 100 микросхем. Чип представляет собой квадратный или прямоугольный кремниевый кусок размером 0,1-0,25 дюймов, на котором выгравировано или отпечатано несколько слоев интегральных схем, после чего схема инкапсулируется в пластик или металл.